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When a person has made a promise to two or more persons jointly,
then, unless a contrary intention appears from the contract, the right to claim performance rests, as
between him and them, with them during their joint lives, and, after the death of any of them, with the
representative of such deceased person jointly with the survivor or survivors, and, after the death of the
last survivor, with the representatives of all jointly.1
Illustration
A, in consideration of 5,000 rupees, lent to him by B and C, promises B and C jointly to repay them that sum with interest
on a day specified. B dies. The right to claim performance rests with B's representative jointly with C during C's life, and after
the death of C with the representatives of B and C jointly.
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1. For an exception to s. 45 in case of Government securities, see the Public Debt Act, 1944 (18 of 1944). s. 8.